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1 Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
2 Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
3 Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada
4 Dept. of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: j.dostrovsky{at}utoronto.ca.
Cervical dystonia (CD) is a movement disorder that involves involuntary turning and twisting of the neck caused by abnormal muscle contraction. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is used to treat both CD and the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been suggested that the differing motor symptoms in CD and PD may be due to a decreased GPi output in CD and elevation of output in PD. To test this hypothesis, extracellular recordings of GPi neuronal activity were obtained during stereotactic surgery for the implantation of DBS electrodes in seven idiopathic CD and 14 PD patients. The mean GPi neuronal firing rate recorded from CD patients was lower than in PD patients (p<0.001; mean ± SEM: 71.4±2.2 and 91.7±3.0 Hz respectively). Furthermore, GPi neurons fired in a more irregular pattern consisting of more frequent and longer pauses in CD compared to PD patients. When comparisons were done based on locations of recordings, these differences in firing rates and patterns were limited to the ventral portion of the GPi. In contrast, no difference in firing rate or pattern was observed in the globus pallidus externus between the two groups. These findings suggest that both alterations in firing rate and firing pattern may underlie the differing motor symptoms associated with these two movement disorders.
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