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1 National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jcr{at}lsr.nei.nih.gov.
Disparity-selective neurons in striate cortex (V1) probably implement the initial processing which supports binocular vision. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the computations which these neurons perform on retinal inputs. The binocular energy model has been highly successful in providing a simple theory of these computations. A key feature of the energy model is that it is linear until after inputs from the two eyes are combined. Recently, however, a modified version of the energy model, incorporating threshold nonlinearities prior to binocular combination, has been proposed in order to account for the weaker disparity tuning observed with anticorrelated stimuli (Cumming and Parker 1997; Read et al. 2002). In this paper, we present new data needed for a critical assessment of these two models. We compare two key predictions of the models with responses of disparity-selective neurons recorded from V1 of awake fixating monkeys. We find that the original energy model, and a family of generalizations retaining linear binocular combination, are quantitatively inconsistent with the response of V1 neurons. In contrast, the modified version incorporating threshold nonlinearities can explain both sets of observations. We conclude that the energy model can be reconciled with experimental observations by adding a threshold prior to binocular combination. This gives us the clearest picture yet of the computation being carried out by disparity-selective V1 neurons.
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