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1 Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: oni{at}med.showa-u.ac.jp.
There are at least two respiration-related rhythm generators in the medulla: the pre-Boetzinger complex, which produces inspiratory (Insp) neuron bursts, and the para-facial respiratory group (pFRG), which produces predominantly pre-inspiratory (Pre-I) neuron bursts. The pFRG Pre-I neuron activity has not been correlated with motor neuron activity in slice or block preparations of rostral medulla. In this study, we attempted to detect pFRG Pre-I activity as motor output in the rostral medulla. We recorded respiratory activity of the facial nerve in the brainstem-spinal cord preparation of 0-2-day-old rats. Facial nerve activity consisted of pre-inspiratory, Insp, and post-inspiratory activity. Pre- and post-inspiratory activity corresponded well with membrane potential trajectories of Pre-I neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. In response to perfusion of 1 µM DAMGO (a µ-opiate agonist), fourth cervical ventral root (C4) Insp activity was depressed, and facial nerve activity continued to synchronize with Pre-I neuron bursts. After transverse sectioning between the levels of the pre-Boetzinger complex and the pFRG, C4 Insp activity recovered within 15 min, but facial nerve activity was inhibited. When DAMGO was applied, C4 Insp activity was inhibited, and rhythmic facial nerve activity recovered. Subsequent elevation of K+ concentration reinduced C4 activity, but facial nerve activity was inhibited. Whole-cell recordings in the rostral block revealed the presence of putative Pre-I neurons, the activity of which was synchronized with facial nerve activity. These results show that the rostral medulla, not including the pre-Boetzinger complex, produces Pre-I-like rhythmic activity that can be monitored as facial nerve motor output in newborn rat in vitro preparations.
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