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1 School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
2 School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
3 Department of Rehabilitation, Facutly of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration, Quebec Rehabilitation Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: brad.mcfadyen{at}rea.ulaval.ca.
Locomotion relies on vision, somatosensory input, and vestibular information. Both vision and somatosensory signals have been shown to be phase dependently modulated during locomotion, however the regulation of vestibular information has not been investigated in humans. By delivering galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to subjects at either heel contact, mid-stance, or toe-off, it was possible to investigate when vestibular information was important during the gait cycle. The results indicated a difference in the vestibular regulation of upper versus lower body control. Upper body responses to GVS applied at different times did not differ in magnitude for the head (p=0.2383), trunk (p=0.1473) or pelvis (p=0.1732) showing a similar dependence on vestibular information for upper body alignment across the gait cycle. In contrast, foot placement was dependent on the time when stimulation was delivered. Changes in foot placement were significantly larger at HC (during the double support phase), than when stimulation was delivered at MS (in the single support phase of the gait cycle) (p=0.0193). These latter results demonstrate for the first time, some evidence of phase dependent modulation of vestibular information during human walking.
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