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J Neurophysiol (April 11, 2007). doi:10.1152/jn.01364.2006
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Submitted on December 29, 2006
Accepted on April 9, 2007

Spatial Frequency Specific Contrast Adaptation Originates in the Primary Visual Cortex

Thang Duong1 and Ralph Freeman2*

1 Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
2 School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: freeman{at}neurovision.berkeley.edu.

Adaptation to a high contrast grating stimulus causes reduced sensitivity to subsequent presentation of a visual stimulus with similar spatial characteristics. This behavioral finding has been attributed via neurophysiological investigations to processes within the visual cortex. However, some evidence indicates that contrast adaptation phenomena are also found in early visual pathways. Adaptation effects have been reported in retina and lateral geniculation nucleus (LGN). It is possible that these early pathways could be the physiological origin of the cortical adaptation effect. To investigate this, we have recorded from single neurons in the cat's LGN. We find that contrast adaptation in the LGN, unlike that in the visual cortex, is not spatial frequency specific, i.e., adaptation effects apply to a broad range of spatial frequencies. In addition, aside from the amplitude attenuation, the shape of spatial frequency tuning curves of LGN cells is not affected by contrast adaptation. Again, these findings are unlike those found for cells in the visual cortex. Together, these results demonstrate that pattern specific contrast adaptation is a cortical process.




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