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Effect of Synaptic Connectivity on Long-Range Synchronization of Fast Cortical Oscillations

¹Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California; ²The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California; ³Institute for Nonlinear Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; ⁴Information Systems Laboratories, San Diego, California; and ⁵Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Centre de Recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, Quebec, Canada

Submitted 27 May 2008; accepted in final form 9 July 2008

Cortical gamma oscillations in the 20- to 80-Hz range are associated with attentiveness and sensory perception and have strong connections to both cognitive processing and temporal binding of sensory stimuli. These gamma oscillations become synchronized within a few milliseconds over distances spanning a few millimeters in spite of synaptic delays. In this study using in vivo recordings and large-scale cortical network models, we reveal a critical role played by the network geometry in achieving precise long-range synchronization in the gamma frequency band. Our results indicate that the presence of many independent synaptic pathways in a two-dimensional network facilitate precise phase synchronization of fast gamma band oscillations with nearly zero phase delays between remote network sites. These findings predict a common mechanism of precise oscillatory synchronization in neuronal networks.