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J Neurophysiol 100: 3328-3342, 2008. First published September 17, 2008; doi:10.1152/jn.90355.2008
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Evidence for a Frontoparietal Control System Revealed by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity

¹Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, ²Departments of Neurology, ³Anatomy and Neurobiology, and ⁴Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; ⁵Department of Psychology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University; Cambridge, Massachusetts; ⁶Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and ⁷Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland

Submitted 11 March 2008; accepted in final form 10 September 2008

Two functionally distinct, and potentially competing, brain networks have been recently identified that can be broadly distinguished by their contrasting roles in attention to the external world versus internally directed mentation involving long-term memory. At the core of these two networks are the dorsal attention system and the hippocampal-cortical memory system, a component of the brain's default network. Here spontaneous blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlations were used in three separate functional magnetic resonance imaging data sets (n = 105) to define a third system, the frontoparietal control system, which is spatially interposed between these two previously defined systems. The frontoparietal control system includes many regions identified as supporting cognitive control and decision-making processes including lateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior parietal lobule. Detailed analysis of frontal and parietal cortex, including use of high-resolution data, revealed clear evidence for contiguous but distinct regions: in general, the regions associated with the frontoparietal control system are situated between components of the dorsal attention and hippocampal-cortical memory systems. The frontoparietal control system is therefore anatomically positioned to integrate information from these two opposing brain systems.

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