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J Neurophysiol (February 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00638.2002
Submitted on Submitted 6 August 2002; accepted in final form 28 October 2002
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
Lee, Daeyeol and
Stephan Quessy.
Activity in the Supplementary Motor Area Related to Learning and
Performance During a Sequential Visuomotor Task. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1039-1056, 2003. Monkeys were trained in a serial reaction time task to produce
hand movements according to changing locations of visual targets. In
most trials, targets followed the same sequence repeatedly, whereas in
other trials targets were presented in random locations or switched
unpredictably between two alternative sequences. Single-unit activity
was recorded from the caudal supplementary motor area (SMA-proper).
Based on the activity associated with random movement sequences,
effects of hand position and movement direction were evaluated.
Activity was influenced by the hand position in ~60% of the neurons,
and the movement direction influenced the activity of 51% of the
neurons. In addition, 37 and 71% of SMA neurons displayed
nonstationarity in their activity across successive movements within a
given trial and across trials, respectively. Such nonstationarity in
the ongoing neural activity and the effects of performance-related
variables were evaluated using a regression model and separated from
learning-related activity changes. About a third of SMA neurons
displayed gradual changes in neural activity related to experience with
a movement sequence across trials. Furthermore, about a quarter of SMA
neurons showed similar changes within individual trials. When the
individual movements included in the frequently repeated movement
sequences were introduced unexpectedly, learning-related changes in
neural activity were reduced, indicating that many SMA neurons changed
their activity in relation to the learning of particular movement
sequences. These results suggest that the pattern of neural activity in
the cortical network involved in the control of movement sequences can
be modified continuously by experience.
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