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J Neurophysiol (April 1, 2003). 10.1152/jn.00683.2002
Submitted on Submitted 15 August 2002; accepted in final form 3 December 2002
Gait and Posture Lab, Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
Marigold, Daniel S.,
Allison J. Bethune, and
Aftab E. Patla.
Role of the Unperturbed Limb and Arms in the Reactive Recovery
Response to an Unexpected Slip During Locomotion. J. Neurophysiol. 89: 1727-1737, 2003. Understanding reactive
recovery responses to slipping is fundamental in falls research and
prevention. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the
role of the unperturbed limb and arms in the reactive recovery response
to an unexpected slip. Ten healthy, young adults participated in this
experiment in which an unexpected slip was induced by a set of steel
free-wheeling rollers. Surface electromyography (EMG) data were
collected from the unperturbed limb (i.e., the swing limb) rectus
femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and the medial head of
gastrocnemius, and bilateral gluteus medius, erector spinae, and
deltoids. Kinematic data were also collected by an optical imaging
system to monitor limb trajectories. The first slip response was
significantly different from the subsequent recovery responses to the
unexpected slips, with an identifiable reactive recovery response and
no proactive changes in EMG patterns. The muscles of the unperturbed
limb, upper body, and arms were recruited at the same latency as those previously found for the perturbed limb. The arm elevation strategies assisted in shifting the center of mass forward after it was
posteriorly displaced with the slip, while the unperturbed limb
musculature demonstrated an extensor strategy supporting the observed
lowering of the limb to briefly touch the ground to widen the base of
support and to increase stability. Evidently a dynamic multilimb
coordinated strategy is employed by the CNS to control and coordinate
the upper and lower limbs in reactive recovery responses to unexpected slips during locomotion.
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