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J Neurophysiol 90: 3809-3815, 2003. First published August 27, 2003; doi:10.1152/jn.00622.2003
0022-3077/03 $5.00
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Stimulation-Evoked Eye Movements With and Without the Lateral Rectus Muscle Pulley

Diana M. Dimitrova1, Mary S. Shall2 and Stephen J. Goldberg1

1 Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, Virginia 23298 2 Department of Physical Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, Virginia 23298

Submitted 30 June 2003; accepted in final form 20 August 2003

Recent studies have suggested that extraocular muscle (EOM) pulleys, composed of collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle, are among the tissues surrounding the eye. High-resolution magnetic-resonance imaging appears to indicate that the pulleys serve to both constrain and alter the pulling paths of the EOMs. The active pulley hypothesis suggests that the orbital layer of the EOMs inserts on the pulley and serves to control it. Based on anatomical data, the active pulley hypothesis also suggests that the orbital layer does not rotate the eye within the orbit; this is done by the global layer of the muscle. However, no physiological data exist to confirm this hypothesis. Here we used stimulation-evoked eye movements in anesthetized monkeys and cats before and after destruction of the lateral rectus muscle pulley by removal of the lateral bony orbit and adjacent orbital tissue. The absence of these structures resulted in increased lateral, in the primate, and medial, in the cat, eye-movement amplitude and velocity. Vertical eye movements in the cat were not significantly affected. The results indicate that these increases, confined to horizontal eye-movement amplitude and velocity, may be attributed to passive properties within the orbit. In relation to the active pulley hypothesis, we could discern no clear impact (in terms of amplitude or velocity profile of the movements) of lateral eye exposure that could be directly attributable to the active lateral pulley system.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: D. M. Dimitrova, Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, P.O. Box 980709, Virginia Commonwealth University, MCV Campus, 1101 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23298-0709 (E-mail: ddimitr{at}vcu.edu).




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