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J Neurophysiol (June 11, 2008). doi:10.1152/jn.90454.2008
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Submitted on April 10, 2008
Revised on May 22, 2008
Accepted on June 5, 2008

Effects of localized intraspinal injections of a noradrenergic blocker on locomotion of high decerebrate cats

Hugo Delivet-Mongrain1, Hugues Leblond, and Serge Rossignol2*

1 Université de Montréal
2 Universite de Montreal

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: serge.rossignol{at}umontreal.ca.

Previous studies demonstrated that neuronal networks located in mid-lumbar segments (L3-L4) are critical for the expression of locomotion in cats following complete spinalization. In the present study the importance of several thoraco-lumbar segments (T8-L7) for the generation of spontaneous hindlimb locomotion in decerebrate cats was evaluated. Experiments were performed in high decerebrate cats (n=18) walking spontaneously. Yohimbine, an alpha2-noradrenergic antagonist, was microinjected intraspinally in various thoraco-lumbar segments. Locomotor performance was evaluated with kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) recordings before and after each injection. When and if spontaneous locomotion (SL) was abolished, skin or perineal stimuli (exteroceptive stimuli) were used to trigger locomotion (exteroceptive-induced locomotion or EL). Yohimbine injections at L3 or L4 completely inhibited SL and EL. In contrast, injections at T8 did not interfere with SL or EL. Injections at T10, T11, T12, L5, L6 and L7 inhibited SL but EL could still be evoked. Injections at T13, L1, and L2 had similar effects except that the quality of locomotion evoked by exteroceptive stimulation declined. Combined injection at T13, L1 and L2 abolished SL and EL, in contrast to injections restricted to the same individual segments. Simultaneous injections at L5, L6 and L7 also abolished SL but EL could still be induced. These results suggest that noradrenergic mechanisms in L3-L4 segments are involved in the expression of locomotion in decerebrate cats while antagonizing noradrenergic inputs in individual rostral or caudal segments may alter the expression and overall quality of the locomotor pattern without abolishing locomotion.




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