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1 KU Leuven
2 University of Auckland
3 University of Auckland-Tamaki Campus
4 K.U. Leuven
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nici.wenderoth{at}faber.kuleuven.be.
In discrete reaction time (RT) tasks, it has been shown that non-symmetric bimanual movements are initiated slower than symmetric movements in response to symbolic cues. By contrast, no such RT differences are found in response to direct cues ("direct cue effect"). Here, we report 3 experiments showing that the direct cue effect generalizes to rhythmical bimanual movements and that RT cost depends on different cue features, namely (1) symbolic vs. direct or (2) integrated (i.e. action of both hands is indicated as one entity) vs. dissociated (i.e. action of each hand is indicated separately). Our main finding was that dissociated symbolic cues were most likely processed serially resulting in the longest RTs, which were substantially reduced with integrated symbolic cues. However, extra RT costs for switching to non-symmetrical bimanual movements were overcome only when the integrated cues were direct. We conclude that computational resources might have been exceeded when the response needs to be determined for each hand separately, but not when a common response for both hands is selected. This supports the idea that bimanual control benefits from conceptual binding.
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