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J Neurophysiol 93: 2263-2278, 2005. First published October 20, 2004; doi:10.1152/jn.00743.2004
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Blue-Yellow Signals Are Enhanced by Spatiotemporal Luminance Contrast in Macaque V1

Gregory D. Horwitz1,2, E. J. Chichilnisky2 and Thomas D. Albright1,2

1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 2Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California

Submitted 21 July 2004; accepted in final form 16 October 2004

We measured the color tuning of a population of S-cone-driven V1 neurons in awake, fixating monkeys. Analysis of randomly chosen color stimuli that were effective in evoking action potentials showed that these neurons received opposite sign input from the S cones and a combination of L and M cones. Surprisingly, these cells also responded to LM cone contrast irrespective of polarity, a nonlinear sensitivity that was masked by conventional linear analysis methods. Taken together, these observations can be summarized in a nonlinear model that combines nonopponent and opponent signals such that luminance contrast enhances color processing. These findings indicate that important aspects of the cortical representation of color cannot be described by classical linear analysis, and reveal a possible neural correlate of perceptual color-luminance interactions.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: G. D. Horwitz, Vision Center Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037 (E-mail: horwitz{at}salk.edu)




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