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J Neurophysiol 94: 2805-2821, 2005. First published July 13, 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.01313.2004
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Characterization of Synaptic Conductances and Integrative Properties During Electrically Induced EEG-Activated States in Neocortical Neurons In Vivo

Michael Rudolph1, Joe Guillaume Pelletier2, Denis Paré2 and Alain Destexhe1

1Unité de Neurosciences Intégratives et Computationnelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; and 2Rutgers University, Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Newark, New Jersey

Submitted 20 December 2004; accepted in final form 9 July 2005

The activation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) is paralleled with an increase in the firing rate of cortical neurons, but little is known concerning the conductance state of their membrane and its impact on their integrative properties. Here, we combined in vivo intracellular recordings with computational models to investigate EEG-activated states induced by stimulation of the brain stem ascending arousal system. Electrical stimulation of the pedonculopontine tegmental (PPT) nucleus produced long-lasting ({approx}20 s) periods of desynchronized EEG activity similar to the EEG of awake animals. Intracellularly, PPT stimulation locked the membrane into a depolarized state, similar to the up-states seen during deep anesthesia. During these EEG-activated states, however, the input resistance was higher than that during up-states. Conductance measurements were performed using different methods, which all indicate that EEG-activated states were associated with a synaptic activity dominated by inhibitory conductances. These results were confirmed by computational models of reconstructed pyramidal neurons constrained by the corresponding intracellular recordings. These models indicate that, during EEG-activated states, neocortical neurons are in a high-conductance state consistent with a stochastic integrative mode. The amplitude and timing of somatic excitatory postsynaptic potentials were nearly independent of the position of the synapses in dendrites, suggesting that EEG-activated states are compatible with coding paradigms involving the precise timing of synaptic events.

Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: A. Destexhe, Unité de Neuroscience Intégratives et Computationnelles (UNIC), CNRS, Bat. 32-33, 1 Ave. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France (E-mail: Alain.Destexhe{at}iaf.cnrs-gif.fr)




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