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Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli

¹Department of Mathematics and ²Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ³The Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and ⁴Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Submitted 14 February 2005; accepted in final form 26 May 2005

Neurons in the visual cortex of the macaque monkey exhibit a variety of competitive behaviors, including normalization and oscillation, when presented with multiple visual stimuli. Here we argue that a biophysically plausible cortical circuit with opponent inhibition, spike-frequency adaptation, and synaptic depression can account for the full range of behaviors. The governing parameter is the strength of inhibition between competing neuronal pools. As the strength of inhibition is increased, the pattern of network behavior shifts from normalization mode to oscillatory mode, with oscillations occurring at progressively lower frequency until, at the extreme, winner-take-all behavior appears.

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