HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 95/1/106    most recent 00705.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hurwitz, I. Articles by Susswein, A. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hurwitz, I. Articles by Susswein, A. J.

Control of Feeding in Aplysia With Ad Libitum Access to Food: Presence of Food Increases the Intervals Between Feeding Bouts

The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center and Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

Submitted 5 July 2005; accepted in final form 31 August 2005

The patterning of feeding and the quantity eaten in Aplysia californica with ad libitum food access cannot be explained by the effects of three variables previously shown to control the patterning of consummatory feeding responses and the quantity eaten in animals hand-fed individual meals. Feeding in ad libitum conditions is regulated primarily by varying the time between feeding bouts rather than by modulating bout lengths or the efficacy of consummatory movements within a bout. Aplysia with steady-state food access are in a newly characterized feeding state in which they are relatively unresponsive to food. They eat very little (1–4% of the time), and the quantity eaten is unrelated to the quantity of food in the anterior gut. The steady state can be maintained by the presence of food, even if animals do not contact food. The chemosensory rhinophores signal the presence of food that maintains the steady state. Up to 24 h without food is needed for animals to recover from the inhibition of feeding by steady-state presence of food. Recovery from the steady state is partially governed by postingestion stimuli as shown by a faster recovery in animals that have not been in contact with food. Inhibition of feeding during the steady-state is mediated in part via humoral factors because bathing the cerebral and buccal ganglia in hemolymph from animals in the steady state inhibits the ability to elicit buccal motor programs via a cholinomimetic thought to simulate stimulation of the lips with food. After food deprivation that is sufficiently long so that the steady-state decays, animals eat a large meal the size and dynamics of which are consistent with regulation via the three variables previously identified. This large meal is modulated by pheromones secreted by conspecifics even in sexually immature Aplysia.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Hurwitz, A. Ophir, A. Korngreen, J. Koester, and A. J. Susswein Currents Contributing to Decision Making in Neurons B31/B32 of Aplysia J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 814 - 830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Katzoff, T. Ben-Gedalya, I. Hurwitz, N. Miller, Y. Z. Susswein, and A. J. Susswein Nitric Oxide Signals That Aplysia Have Attempted to Eat, a Necessary Component of Memory Formation After Learning That Food Is Inedible J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2006; 96(3): 1247 - 1257. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]