HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 95/1/493    most recent 00706.2005v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (13) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kurtzer, I. Articles by Scott, S. H. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kurtzer, I. Articles by Scott, S. H.

Primate Upper Limb Muscles Exhibit Activity Patterns That Differ From Their Anatomical Action During a Postural Task

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Canadian Institute of Health Research Group in Sensory-Motor Systems, Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada

Submitted 6 June 2005; accepted in final form 29 September 2005

The present study examined muscular activity in the primate proximal forelimb during a posture task. By applying loads selectively to the shoulder, elbow, or both joints, we observed that monoarticular shoulder and elbow muscles varied their activity with loads at the unspanned joint. Shoulder monoarticulars changed activity with elbow torque and elbow monoarticulars changed activity with shoulder torque. Due to this additional modulation, the maximal activation of monoarticular muscles was deviated from their anatomical action toward either shoulder-extension/elbow-flexion or shoulder-flexion/elbow-extension. Biarticular muscles also expressed deviations in their preferred torque direction toward either shoulder-extension/elbow-flexion or shoulder-flexion/elbow-extension. The biased distribution of preferred torque directions in proximal forelimb muscles could be modeled by the minimization of a global measure of muscle activity. Moreover, arm-related neurons of primary motor cortex exhibit a similar bias in preferred torque directions consistent with the intimate relationship between the primary motor cortex and the motor periphery.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Kurtzer, J. A. Pruszynski, and S. H. Scott Long-Latency Responses During Reaching Account for the Mechanical Interaction Between the Shoulder and Elbow Joints J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2009; 102(5): 3004 - 3015. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-H. Chang, A. G. Auyang, J. P. Scholz, and T. R. Nichols Whole limb kinematics are preferentially conserved over individual joint kinematics after peripheral nerve injury J. Exp. Biol., November 1, 2009; 212(21): 3511 - 3521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M. Herter, T. Korbel, and S. H. Scott Comparison of Neural Responses in Primary Motor Cortex to Transient and Continuous Loads During Posture J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2009; 101(1): 150 - 163. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. A. Pruszynski, I. Kurtzer, and S. H. Scott Rapid Motor Responses Are Appropriately Tuned to the Metrics of a Visuospatial Task J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2008; 100(1): 224 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. M. Herter, I. Kurtzer, D. W. Cabel, K. A. Haunts, and S. H. Scott Characterization of Torque-Related Activity in Primary Motor Cortex During a Multijoint Postural Task J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2007; 97(4): 2887 - 2899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Kurtzer, T. M. Herter, and S. H. Scott Nonuniform Distribution of Reach-Related and Torque-Related Activity in Upper Arm Muscles and Neurons of Primary Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 3220 - 3230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]