HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 97/2/1786    most recent 00150.2006v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (9) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Morrow, M. M. Articles by Miller, L. E. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Morrow, M. M. Articles by Miller, L. E.

Direct Comparison of the Task-Dependent Discharge of M1 in Hand Space and Muscle Space

Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Medical School and Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Chicago, Illinois

Submitted 13 February 2006; accepted in final form 10 November 2006

Since its introduction in the early 1980s, the concept of a "preferred direction" for neuronal discharge has proven to be a powerful means of studying motor areas of the brain. In the current paper, we introduce the concept of a "muscle-space"–preferred direction (PD_M) that is analogous to the familiar hand-space–preferred direction (PD_H). PD_M reflects the similarity between the discharge of a given neuron and the activity of each muscle in much the way that PD_H reflects the similarity of discharge with motion along each of the three Cartesian coordinate axes. We used PD_M to analyze the data recorded from neurons in the primary motor cortex (M1) of three different monkeys. The monkeys performed center-out movements within two different cubical workspaces centered either to the left or right of the monkey's shoulder while we simultaneously recorded neuronal discharge, muscle activity, and limb orientation. We calculated preferred directions in both hand space and muscle space, and computed the angles between these vectors under a variety of conditions. PDs for different neurons were broadly distributed throughout both hand space and muscle space, but the muscle-space vectors appeared to form clusters of functionally similar neurons. In general, repeated estimates of PD_M were more stable over time than were similar estimates of PD_H. Likewise, there was less change in PD_M than in PD_H for data recorded from the two different workspaces. However, although a majority of neurons had this muscle-like property, a significant minority was more stable in Cartesian hand space, reflecting a heterogeneity of function within M1.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. M. Griffin, H. M. Hudson, A. Belhaj-Saif, B. J. McKiernan, and P. D. Cheney Do Corticomotoneuronal Cells Predict Target Muscle EMG Activity? J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2008; 99(3): 1169 - 1986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. H. Scott Inconvenient Truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex J. Physiol., March 1, 2008; 586(5): 1217 - 1224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Yanai, N. Adamit, Z. Israel, R. Harel, and Y. Prut Coordinate Transformation is First Completed Downstream of Primary Motor Cortex J. Neurosci., February 13, 2008; 28(7): 1728 - 1732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Fagg, N. G. Hatsopoulos, V. de Lafuente, K. A. Moxon, S. Nemati, J. M. Rebesco, R. Romo, S. A. Solla, J. Reimer, D. Tkach, et al. Biomimetic Brain Machine Interfaces for the Control of Movement J. Neurosci., October 31, 2007; 27(44): 11842 - 11846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]