Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
A: adaptation paradigm to increase the gain of the vertical angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR). Out-of-phase rotation of the animal and visual surround at the same velocity (30°/s) induced slow phases of eye velocity of 60°/s. B: adaptation paradigm to decrease the gain of the vertical aVOR. When animal was rotated together with the visual surrounding (60°/s), then the evoked aVOR was suppressed. C: stick figures showing the head orientations in which vertical aVOR gain was adapted.D–I: step responses of the aVOR when the animal was adapted upright (D and G), left side down (E and H), and right side down (F and I). Eye velocities induced by rotation before adaptation are shown in blue and after adaptation, in red. The stimulus velocity is shown in black. The direction of the stimulus was reversed to facilitate comparison. Increases in eye velocities were symmetrical after adaptation in the upright position (D and G). When the animal was adapted on side, increases in eye velocity were significant when the animal was tested with the same side down (E and I). There were no increases in eye velocity when the contralateral side was down (H and F).
- Fig. 2.
Vertical aVOR gain increase (A–C) and decrease (D–E) of M98060 following adaptation in upright (A and D), LSD (Band E), and RSD (C and F). See text for details. G–J: average changes in vertical aVOR gains across all tested animals. When the animals were adapted in upright position, gain changes were symmetrically increased (G) or decreased (I) when tested with the animals on either side. When the aVOR gains were adapted in an on-side position, increases (H) and decreases (J) were larger when the animals were tested with the ipsilateral side down.
Tables
- Table 1.
Average changes of the vertical aVOR gain of three monkeys after adaptation in upright
Adaptive Procedure Eye Velocity Head Orientation During Testing M96012 M98060 M98078 LSD, % RSD, % LSD, % RSD, % LSD, % RSD, % Gain increase Up 10 10 20 35 15 21 Down 31 23 20 14 33 35 Gain decrease Up −19 −25 −20 −25 −28 −22 Down −20 −19 −28 −24 −27 −21 -
Positive values represent amount of gain increases, negative values show gain decreases. M96012, M98060, andM98078, monkeys. aVOR, angular vestibuloocular reflex; LSD and RSD, left and right side down, respectively.
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- Table 2.
Average changes of the vertical aVOR gain of three monkeys after adaptation with different on-side head orientations
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Positive values represent the amount of gain increase, negative values represent gain decreases. The most profound gain changes are marked in gray.
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